Depression is a significant public health problem, but its etiology and pathophysiology
remain poorly understood. Such incomplete understanding likely arises from the fact that …

Stress is a well‐known risk factor in the development of addiction and in addiction relapse
vulnerability. A series of population‐based and epidemiological studies have identified …

The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has high validity but has in the past
been criticized for being difficult to replicate. However, a large number of recent publications …

Animal modeling has been instrumental in dissecting pathophysiological mechanisms and
designing more effective therapies in many areas of medicine but not so in psychiatry. The …

Traditionally, animal models of schizophrenia were predominantly pharmacological
constructs focused on phenomena linked to dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitter …

In most psychiatric disorders, stress is the major nongenomic factor that contributes to the
expression or exacerbation of acute symptoms, recurrence or relapse after a period of …

The role of the D3 receptor has remained largely elusive before the development of
selective research tools, such as selective radioligands, antibodies, various highly specific …

Context The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) includes disturbances in
several neuroanatomical substrates and neurotransmitter systems. The challenge is to …

The goal of this review is to familiarize the reader about the potential involvement of the
brain reward system (BRS) in symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The authors …

There is accumulating evidence that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role
in the pathophysiology of depression. Given that clinical depression is marked by anhedonia …