Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common progressive disease that is typically
characterized by the permanent loss of functional nephrons. As injured nephrons become …

Cadmium (Cd) is a food-chain contaminant that has high rates of soil-to-plant transference.
This phenomenon makes dietary Cd intake unavoidable. Although long-term Cd intake …

The present review aims to provide an update on health risks associated with the low-to-
moderate levels of environmental cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) to which most populations …

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal belonging to the group of the main chemical pollutants of
the natural and occupational environment in economically developed countries. The …

In much of the world, currently employed upper limits of tolerable intake and acceptable
excretion of cadmium (Cd)(ECd/Ecr) are 0.83 µg/kg body weight/day and 5.24 µg/g …

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most important toxic environmental heavy metals. Cd pollutes
the environment mainly from mining, metallurgy industry, pigments and plastic stabilizers …

Background Several observational studies investigated the relationship between
environmental cadmium exposure and risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However …

Abstract Chemistry and Human Health, Division VII of the International Union on Pure and
Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), provides guidance on risk assessment methodology and, as …

The primary objective of the present study was to review the impact of Cd exposure on gut
microbiota and intestinal physiology, as well as to estimate whether gut may be considered …

Background: Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has long been recognized as a health hazard, both
in industry and in general populations with high exposure. Under the currently prevailing …