Despite major progress in interventional and medical treatments, myocardial infarction (MI)
and subsequent development of heart failure (HF) are still associated with high mortality …

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) develops when cardiac output falls as a
result of cardiac injury. The most well-recognized of the compensatory homeostatic …

The adult mammalian heart is non-regenerative owing to the post-mitotic nature of
cardiomyocytes. The neonatal mouse heart can regenerate, but only during the first week of …

Inflammatory processes are firmly established as central to the development and
complications of cardiovascular diseases. Elevated levels of inflammatory markers have …

Heart failure is considered an epidemic disease in the modern world affecting approximately
1% to 2% of adult population. It presents a multifactorial, systemic disease, in which—after …

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Reperfusion
strategies are the current standard therapy for AMI. However, they may result in paradoxical …

Cardiac macrophages represent a heterogeneous cell population with distinct origins,
dynamics, and functions. Recent studies have revealed that CC Chemokine Receptor 2 …

Fibroblasts, which are traditionally recognized as a quiescent cell responsible for
extracellular matrix production, are more and more appreciated as an active key player of …

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, one of the most widely investigated MMPs, regulates
pathological remodeling processes that involve inflammation and fibrosis in cardiovascular …

In the infarcted heart, the damage‐associated molecular pattern proteins released by
necrotic cells trigger both myocardial and systemic inflammatory responses. Induction of …