Planets form in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The disk molecular reservoirs and
their chemical evolution affect all aspects of planet formation, from the coagulation of dust …

Since the discovery of the first extrasolar planet around a solartype star, 1 more than 900
such planets outside of our solar system have been detected by ground-and space-based …

We present a sensitive, multiwavelength submillimeter continuum survey of 153 young
stellar objects in the Taurus-Auriga star formation region. The submillimeter detection rate is …

Aims. Photodissociation by UV light is an important destruction mechanism for carbon
monoxide (CO) in many astrophysical environments, ranging from interstellar clouds to …

Context. The specific location from where molecules emit in a protoplanetary disk depends
on the system properties. Therefore, directly constraining the emitting regions radially …

Context. Emission lines from protoplanetary disks originate mainly in the irradiated surface
layers, where the gas is generally warmer than the dust. Therefore, interpreting emission …

Context. With the Herschel Space Observatory, lines of simple molecules (C+, O, and high-J
lines of CO, J up≳ 14) have been observed in the atmosphere of protoplanetary disks. When …

Context. The total gas mass is one of the most fundamental properties of disks around young
stars, because it controls their evolution and their potential to form planets. To measure disk …

Context. Planet formation is closely related to the structure and dispersal of protoplanetary
disks. A certain class of disks, called transition disks, exhibit cavities in dust images at scales …

The abundances of oxygen isotopes in the most refractory mineral phases (calcium-
aluminium-rich inclusions, CAIs) in meteorites have hitherto defied explanation. Most …