Thirst motivates animals to find and consume water. More than 40 years ago, a set of
interconnected brain structures known as the lamina terminalis was shown to govern thirst …

The function of central appetite neurons is instructing animals to ingest specific nutrient
factors that the body needs. Emerging evidence suggests that individual appetite circuits for …

Appetite suppression occurs after a meal and in conditions when it is unfavourable to eat,
such as during illness or exposure to toxins. A brain region proposed to play a role in …

Humans often rank craniofacial pain as more severe than body pain. Evidence suggests that
a stimulus of the same intensity induces stronger pain in the face than in the body. However …

Abstract The “dorsal pons”, or “dorsal pontine tegmentum”(dPnTg), is part of the brainstem. It
is a complex, densely packed region whose nuclei are involved in regulating many vital …

SIM1-expressing paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) neurons are key regulators of energy
balance. Within the PVH SIM1 population, melanocortin-4 receptor-expressing (PVH MC4R) …

Diverse neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PB) communicate with widespread brain
regions. Despite evidence linking them to a variety of homeostatic functions, it remains …

The parabrachial nucleus is important for thermoregulation because it relays skin
temperature information from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus. Prior work in rats …

The parabrachial nucleus (PB) is a complex structure located at the junction of the midbrain
and hindbrain. Its neurons have diverse genetic profiles and influence a variety of …

The Kölliker‐Fuse nucleus (KF) is known primarily for its respiratory function as the
“pneumotaxic center” or “pontine respiratory group.” Considered part of the parabrachial …