Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are
two retroviruses that attack the immune cells and impair their functions. Both HIV and HTLV-I …

This paper proposes and analyzes a CTL-mediated HIV infection model. The model
describes the interaction between healthy CD4+ T cells, silent infected cells, active infected …

Malaria is one of the most dangerous global diseases. This paper studies a reaction-
diffusion model for the within-host dynamics of malaria infection with both antibody and cell …

In the literature, a great number of HIV and HTLV-I mono-infection models has been
formulated and analyzed. However, the within-host dynamics of HIV/HTLV-I co-infection has …

This paper proposes and analyzes an adaptive immunity HIV infection model. The model
describes the interaction between healthy CD 4+ T cells, silent (latent) infected cells, active …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are
two retroviruses that attack the CD4^+ CD4+ T cells and impair their functions. Both HIV and …

This paper presents and analyzes two mathematical models for the human
immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection with Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte cell (CTL) …

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are
two famous retroviruses that share similarities in their genomic organization, and differ in …

In this paper, we formulate a within‐host dynamics model for HIV/HTLV‐I co‐infection under
the influence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The model incorporates silent HIV‐infected …

Current medical research suggests that latently infected cells are the primary source of the
virus's resistance to elimination. Moreover, these cells can participate in cell–cell …