The accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes
stress to which an unfolded protein response is activated to render cell survival or apoptosis …

Type I interferons (IFN) are increasingly recognized for their role in regulating anti-tumour
immune responses. However, chronic activation of these pathways can result in …

Cell proliferation requires metabolic reprogramming to accommodate biosynthesis of new
cell components, and similar alterations occur in cancer cells. However, the mechanisms …

Resveratrol, a plant-derived polyphenol, regulates many cellular processes, including cell
proliferation, aging and autophagy. However, the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol …

Objectives Early pregnancy loss is a major clinical concern in animal and human
reproduction, which is largely influenced by embryo implantation. The importance of …

Generation of new HIV‐1 virions requires the constant supply of proteins, nucleotides, and
energy; however, it is not known which cellular pathways are perturbed and what molecular …

Pyrimidines are critical nutrients and key biomolecules in nucleic acid biosynthesis and
carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Here, we proposed the concept of the pyrimidine …

Immunotherapy has a number of advantages over traditional anti-tumor therapy but can
cause severe adverse reactions due to an overactive immune system. In contrast, a novel …

Purpose Cancer cells are characterized as the uncontrolled proliferation, which demands
high levels of nucleotides that are building blocks for DNA synthesis and replication. CAD …

The significance of cytokines as signaling molecules, which has long been acknowledged,
is expanding as a result of their connection to malignancies and the control of the immune …