What determines the consequences of economic sanctions? Is there a common explanation
for these consequences? This article provides a comprehensive review of the fragmented …

Recent research on economic sanctions has produced significant advances in our
theoretical and empirical understanding of the causes and effects of these phenomena. Our …

In this paper, we draw on established theoretical work to analyze empirically which
segments of the population in the target states bear the most cost when economic sanctions …

A dictator's motivation for using repression is fairly clear, but why some repress more than
others or favor particular types of repressive strategies is less obvious. Using statistical …

This is the golden age of economic statecraft—and the study of economic statecraft. This is
in large part due to the evolution of economic coercion from trade embargoes to targeted …

The European Union, the United Nations, and the United States frequently use economic
sanctions. This article introduces the EUSANCT Dataset—which amends, merges, and …

International sanctions are one of the most commonly used tools to instigate democratisation
in the post‐C old W ar era. However, despite long‐term sanction pressure by the E uropean …

In order to explain why successes of economic sanctions predominantly occur in the first two
years of a sanction episode, we analyse the dynamic economic and political impact of an …

According to recent studies, international human rights treaties are ineffective,
counterproductive, or else beneficial for only those countries that tend to respect human …

Today, international economic sanctions are imposed in response to virtually every serious
international crisis, whether to promote regime change and democratisation, punish armed …