Antigen processing and presentation are the cornerstones of adaptive immunity. B cells
cannot generate high-affinity antibodies without T cell help. CD4+ T cells, which provide …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have rapidly altered the treatment landscape for multiple
tumor types, providing unprecedented survival in some patients. Despite the characteristic …

Summary β-Coronaviruses are a family of positive-strand enveloped RNA viruses that
includes the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Much is …

Cancer is still the leading cause of death globally. The approval of the therapeutic use of
monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoint molecules, notably those that target the …

Macrophages represent a key cellular component of the liver, and are essential for
maintaining tissue homeostasis and ensuring rapid responses to hepatic injury. Our …

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells, uniquely able to induce naïve
T cell activation and effector differentiation. They are, likewise, involved in the induction and …

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐modified T cells can
induce durable remissions in patients with refractory B‐lymphoid cancers. By contrast …

Abstract Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), as one of the most abundant tumour-
infiltrating immune cells, play a pivotal role in tumour antigen clearance and immune …

Antigenic peptide-loaded MHC class II molecules (peptide–MHC class II) are constitutively
expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including …

Highlights•All major subsets of DCs are critical component of anti-tumor immunity.•DCs in
TME show defects in differentiation, activation and functions.•The presence inf-DCs with anti …