Proper development and function of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) depend
critically on the activity of parenchymal sentinels referred to as microglia. Although microglia …

Highlights•A diverse spectrum of viruses can enter the CNS, causing acute and chronic
neurological disorders.•Virus-induced CNS diseases are influenced by routes of viral entry …

Activation of the peripheral immune system elicits a coordinated response from the central
nervous system. Key to this immune to brain communication is that glia, microglia, and …

During ageing, microglia acquire a phenotype that may negatively affect brain function. Here
we show that ageing microglial phenotype is largely imposed by interferon type I (IFN-I) …

The central nervous system (CNS) contains a sophisticated neural network that must be
constantly surveyed in order to detect and mitigate a diverse array of challenges. The innate …

The concept of immune privilege of the central nervous system (CNS) has dominated the
study of inflammatory processes in the brain. However, clinically relevant models have …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the major metabolic pathway of the essential amino acid
tryptophan (TRP). Stimulation by inflammatory molecules, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), is the …

In sterile neuroinflammation, a pathological role is proposed for microglia, whereas in viral
encephalitis, their function is not entirely clear. Many viruses exploit the odorant system and …

Intravital microscopic imaging can uncover fundamental aspects of immune cell behavior in
real time in both healthy and pathological states. Here, we discuss approaches for single …

Successful immune responses depend on the spatiotemporal coordination of immune cell
migration, interactions, and effector functions in lymphoid and parenchymal tissues. Real …