The CHAMP satellite has revealed new observations of the upper F region ionosphere and
the thermosphere. This chapter reviews these new findings at low and equatorial latitude …

Abstract The Dual Auroral Radar Network (DARN) is a global-scale network of HF and VHF
radars capable of sensing backscatter from ionospheric irregularities in the E and F-regions …

This chapter describes the energy source responsible for the disturbance effects and its
parameterization by geomagnetic activity indices. It discusses of ionospheric storm effects at …

Key developments have been made to the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate
Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X). Among them, the most …

In this paper I outline the data processing technique which is used in the SuperMAG
initiative. SuperMAG is a worldwide collaboration of organizations and national agencies …

The Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) provides a high‐performance flexible
framework for physics‐based space weather simulations, as well as for various space …

Abstract The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) has been operating as an
international co-operative organization for over 10 years. The network has now grown so …

The HF radars of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) provide
measurements of the E× B drift of ionospheric plasma over extended regions of the high …

The recently created global ionosphere–thermosphere model (GITM) is presented. GITM
uses a three-dimensional spherical grid that can be stretched in both latitude and altitude …

It is well known that the ionosphere plays a role in determining the global state of the
magnetosphere. The ionosphere allows magnetospheric currents to close, thereby allowing …