Biofilm formation is a process in which microbial cells aggregate to form collectives that are
embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix. Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive …

Highlights•A plethora of c-di-GMP metabolizing enzymes impact cellular processes in Vibrio
cholerae.•C-di-GMP receptors are diverse and target processes are controlled by different …

Most microbes evolve faster than their hosts and should therefore drive evolution of host–
microbe interactions. However, relatively little is known about the characteristics that define …

Bacterial communities attached to surfaces and established a protected mode of growth
within extracellular matrix substances are defined as a bacterial biofilm. Formation of the …

Bacterial flagellar motility is among the most extensively studied physiological systems in
biology, but most research has been restricted to using the highly similar Gram-negative …

The bacterial second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) controls biofilm formation and
other phenotypes relevant to pathogenesis. Cyclic-di-GMP is synthesized by diguanylate …

Surfactin is a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis. The srfA operon, Sfp gene, and two
quorum sensing systems are required for its production. The master regulator spo0A also …

Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) and cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) are signaling molecules that play
important roles in bacterial biology and pathogenesis. However, these nucleotides have not …

Cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous bacterial signaling molecule that regulates a
variety of complex processes through a diverse set of c-di-GMP receptor proteins. We have …

Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is widely used by bacteria to control
biological functions in response to diverse signals or cues. A previous study showed that …