The NACHT, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3
(NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular sensing protein complex that plays a major role in …

The innate immune system relies on its capacity to rapidly detect invading pathogenic
microbes as foreign and to eliminate them. The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) …

Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are highly
conserved cytosolic pattern recognition receptors that perform critical functions in surveying …

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular pattern recognition
receptor that senses bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN)-conserved motifs in cytosol and …

Innate immunity represents an important system with a variety of vital processes at the core
of many diseases. In recent years, the central role of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) protein …

Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) block apoptosis, but their physiological
functions are still under investigation. Here, we report that cIAP1 and cIAP2 are E3 ubiquitin …

Innate immunity comprises several inflammation-related modulatory pathways which receive
signals from an array of membrane-bound and cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors …

NLR (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat–containing) proteins have rapidly
emerged as central regulators of immunity and inflammation with demonstrated relevance to …

We have recently highlighted (and added to) the considerable evidence that blood can
contain dormant bacteria. By definition, such bacteria may be resuscitated (and thus …

Our innate immune system distinguishes microbes from self by detecting conserved
pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, these are produced by all microbes …