Vocal Communication plays a crucial role in survival and reproductive success in most
amphibian species. Although amphibian communication sounds are often complex …

Species that use communication sounds to coordinate social and reproductive behavior
must be able to distinguish vocalizations from nonvocal sounds as well as to identify …

Background Animal vocal signals encode very important information for communication
during which the importance of temporal and spectral characteristics of vocalizations is …

Sex differences in both vocalization and auditory processing have been commonly found in
vocal animals, although the underlying neural mechanisms associated with sexual …

Seasonal changes in the structure and function of the vertebrate brain have been described
in many species, particularly in seasonal breeders. However, it remains unclear whether …

In humans, speech perception is lateralized, with the left hemisphere of the brain dominant
in processing the communicative content and the right hemisphere dominant in processing …

Sex differences in vocalization have been commonly found in vocal animals. It remains
unclear, however, how animals perceive and discriminate these differences. The amplitudes …

Background Previous studies have shown that the mammalian thalamus is a key structure
for anesthesia-induced unconsciousness and anesthesia-awakening regulation. However …

Studies on auditory laterality have revealed asymmetries for processing, particularly species-
specific signals, in vertebrates and that each hemisphere may process different features …

Brain systems engage in what are generally considered to be among the most complex
forms of information processing. In the present study, we investigated the functional …