Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common congenital malformations in
humans affecting the development of the central nervous system. Although NTD …

Human structural congenital malformations are the leading cause of infant mortality in the
United States. Estimates from the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention …

This study examined the associations between concentrations of cobalt (Co), iron (Fe),
manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in placental tissue and …

Periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation significantly reduces the prevalence of
neural tube defects (NTDs). Unfortunately, some NTDs are FA resistant, and as such, NTDs …

Studies of the association between prenatal exposure to metal elements and risk for neural
tube defects (NTDs) have produced inconsistent results. Little research has examined the …

OBJECTIVE Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common congenital neurological defects,
resulting in mortality, morbidity, and impaired quality of life for patients and caregivers. While …

The neural tube is the first critically important structure that develops in the embryo. It serves
as the primordium of the central nervous system; therefore, the proper formation of the …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are considered to be a complex genetic disorder, although the
identity of the genetic factors remains largely unknown. Mouse model studies suggest a …

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been widely used among women with infertility.
However, the association of ART with birth defects and stillbirth remains controversial and …

Background Prenatal exposure to heavy metals is implicated in the etiology of birth defects.
We investigated whether concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in umbilical cord …