The use of nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the detection and treatment of
cancer. Developments in protein engineering and materials science have led to the …

Bioactive materials are a special class of biomaterials that can react in vivo to induce a
biological response or regulate biological functions, thus achieving a better curative effect …

Normal cells explore multiple states to survive stresses encountered during development
and self-renewal as well as environmental stresses such as starvation, DNA damage, toxins …

Tumor hypoxia seriously impairs the therapeutic outcomes of type II photodynamic therapy
(PDT), which is highly dependent upon tissue oxygen concentration. Herein, a facile strategy …

The emergence of drug resistance is a major challenge for oncologists. Resistance can be
categorized as acquired or intrinsic; the alteration of several biological mechanisms …

Chemodrug resistance is a major reason accounting for tumor recurrence. Given the
mechanistic complexity of chemodrug resistance, molecular inhibitors and targeting drugs …

Modern medicine has been waging a war on cancer for nearly a century with no tangible
end in sight. Cancer treatments have significantly progressed, but the need to increase …

Ultrasmall nanoparticles are often grouped under the broad umbrella term of “nanoparticles”
when reported in the literature. However, for biomedical applications, their small sizes give …

Checkpoint immunotherapy holds great potential to treat malignancies via blocking the
immunosuppressive signaling pathways, which however suffers from inefficiency and off …

Piperidines are among the most important synthetic fragments for designing drugs and play
a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. Their derivatives are present in more than …