The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and
pathogens from entering the brain. At the same time, the BBB regulates transport of …

There is increasing evidence showing that the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota can
alter brain physiology and behavior. Cognition was originally thought to be regulated only by …

Vascular malformations are thought to be monogenic disorders that result in dysregulated
growth of blood vessels. In the brain, cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) arise owing …

Structural and functional brain connectivity, synaptic activity, and information processing
require highly coordinated signal transduction between different cell types within the …

Blood and lymphatic vessels pervade almost all body tissues and have numerous essential
roles in physiology and disease. The inner lining of these networks is formed by a single …

Vascular anomalies represent a spectrum of disorders from a simple “birthmark” to life-
threatening entities. Incorrect nomenclature and misdiagnoses are commonly experienced …

The aim of this updated statement is to provide comprehensive and timely evidence-based
recommendations on the prevention of stroke among individuals who have not previously …

Endothelial cells transduce the frictional force from blood flow (fluid shear stress) into
biochemical signals that regulate gene expression and cell behavior via specialized …

The endothelium is capable of remarkable plasticity. In the embryo, primitive endothelial
cells differentiate to acquire arterial, venous or lymphatic fates. Certain endothelial cells also …

BACKGROUND: Despite many publications about cerebral cavernous malformations
(CCMs), controversy remains regarding diagnostic and management strategies …