Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are known respiratory pathogens associated with a range of
respiratory outcomes. In the past 14 years, the onset of severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Abstract The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has once again reminded us of the
significance of host immune response and consequential havocs of the immune …

Background & Aims Growing evidence shows that some non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)
contain small open reading frames (smORFs) that are translated into short peptides. Herein …

As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses need a host cell to provide a milieu favorable to
viral replication. Consequently, viruses often adopt mechanisms to subvert host cellular …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically has poor prognosis, because it is often diagnosed
at an advanced stage. Heterogeneous phenotypic and genetic traits of affected individuals …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play an important role in innate immunity
against various pathogens in plants and animals. However, we know very little about the …

The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) comprise a particular branch of the
mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (MAPK) that transmits extracellular signals into …

Failure of interferon‐α (IFN‐α) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infection is a challenging obstacle for clinical and experimental hepatology. Both viral and …

Publicly available microarray data suggests that the expression of FAM83D (Family with
sequence similarity 83, member D) is elevated in a wide variety of tumor types, including …

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded EBNA1 protein is expressed in all virus-associated
tumours, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), where it plays an essential role in …