One of the objectives of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
(https://abcdstudy. org/) is to establish a national longitudinal cohort of 9 and 10 year olds …

Adolescence is a time of major plasticity of brain systems that regulate motivated behavior
and cognition, and is also the age of peak onset of nicotine use. Although there has been a …

The elimination of cigarettes and other combusted tobacco products in the US would prevent
tens of millions of tobacco-related deaths. It has been suggested that the introduction of less …

It has long been hypothesized that conditioning mechanisms play major roles in addiction.
Specifically, the associations between rewarding properties of drugs of abuse and the drug …

Abstract Background and Aims Despite decades of research on co‐occurring smoking and
depression, cessation rates remain consistently lower for depressed smokers than for …

Background: Cigarette smoking is the main cause of preventable death in developed
countries. While the direct positive behavioral reinforcing effect of nicotine has historically …

E-cigarettes are often considered less addictive than traditional cigarettes. This study aimed
to assess patterns of e-cigarette use and to compare nicotine dependence among cigarette …

Over the past decade, many studies have indicated that adolescence is a critical period of
brain development and maturation. The refinement and maturation of the central nervous …

The brain regions and neural processes that underlie addiction overlap extensively with
those that support cognitive functions, including learning, memory, and reasoning. Drug …

Adolescence is an important ontogenetic period that is characterized by behaviors such as
enhanced novelty-seeking, impulsivity, and reward preference, which can give rise to an …