Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that
environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological …

Glucocorticoid action on target tissues is determined by the density of “nuclear” receptors
and intracellular metabolism by the two isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase …

Although mitochondria are best known for being the eukaryotic cell powerhouses, these
organelles participate in various cellular functions besides ATP production, such as calcium …

Low birthweight, a marker of an adverse in utero environment, is associated with
cardiometabolic disease and brain disorders in adulthood. The adaptive changes made by …

An adverse foetal environment is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular,
metabolic, neuroendocrine and psychological disorders in adulthood. Exposure to stress …

Overexposure of the developing fetus to glucocorticoids is hypothesised to be one of the key
mechanisms linking early life development with later life disease. The maternal …

The “fetal” or “early” origins of adult disease hypothesis was originally put forward by David
Barker and colleagues and stated that environmental factors, particularly nutrition, act in …

Numerous clinical studies associate an adverse prenatal environment with the development
of cardio-metabolic disorders and neuroendocrine dysfunction, as well as an increased risk …

An adverse intrauterine environment is associated with an increased risk of elevated blood
pressure and kidney disease in later life. Many studies have focused on low birth weight …

Epidemiological evidence suggests that an adverse prenatal environment
permanently'programs' physiology and increases the risk of cardiovascular, metabolic …