Superoxide is a primary oxygen radical that is produced when an oxygen molecule receives
one electron. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a primary role in the cellular defense …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a deadly and highly morbid disease.
Susceptibility to and heterogeneity of COPD are incompletely explained by environmental …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death
worldwide. COPD, however, is a heterogeneous collection of diseases with differing causes …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) often identify disease-associated mutations in
intergenic and non-coding regions of the genome. Given the high percentage of the human …

Airway diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary
disorder are characterized by inflammation and remodeling. Among inflammatory and …

The genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are still largely
unknown. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of limited size have identified …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease at the clinical, cellular,
and molecular levels. However, its diagnosis, assessment, and therapeutic management are …

New paradigms have been recently proposed in the pathogenesis of both chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), evidencing …

The earliest abnormality in the lung associated with smoking is hyperplasia of airway basal
cells, the stem/progenitor cells of the ciliated and secretory cells that are central to …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and progressive disease that
is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. For many years, knowledge of the …