Gram-negative bacteria characteristically are surrounded by an additional membrane layer,
the outer membrane. Although outer membrane components often play important roles in …

For the past decade, nanometer-scale pores have been developed as a powerful technique
for sensing biological macromolecules. Various potential applications using these …

Phytoplankton blooms characterize temperate ocean margin zones in spring. We
investigated the bacterioplankton response to a diatom bloom in the North Sea and …

A revision (C35r) to the CHARMM ether force field is shown to reproduce experimentally
observed conformational populations of dimethoxyethane. Molecular dynamics simulations …

Protein ion-channel recordings using a glass nanopore (GNP) membrane as the support
structure for lipid bilayer membranes are presented. The GNP membrane is composed of a …

Concepts of everyday use such as energy, heat, and temperature have acquired a precise
meaning after the development of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics provides the basis for …

The membrane bioreactor (MBR) process has now become an attractive option for the
treatment and reuse of industrial and municipal wastewaters. However, the MBR filtration …

Membrane-spanning nanopores from folded DNA are a recent example of biomimetic man-
made nanostructures that can open up applications in biosensing, drug delivery, and …

During apoptosis, cytochrome c is released from mitochondria into the cytosol, where it
participates in caspase activation. Various and often conflicting mechanisms have been …

To study translocation of β-lactam antibiotics of different size and charge across the outer
bacterial membrane, we combine an analysis of ion currents through single trimeric outer …