The locus coeruleus (LC), or 'blue spot', is a small nucleus located deep in the brainstem
that provides the far-reaching noradrenergic neurotransmitter system of the brain. This …

Cognitively driven pupil modulations reflect certain underlying brain functions. What do
these reflections tell us? Here, we review findings that have identified key roles for three …

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may leave long-lasting neurobiological scars,
increasing the risk of developing mental disorders in later life. However, no review has …

This review aims to synthesise a large pre-clinical and clinical literature related to a
hypothesised role of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system in responses to acute and …

Adaptation to the ever-changing world is critical for survival, and our brains are particularly
tuned to remember events that differ from previous experiences. Novel experiences induce …

Noradrenaline modulates global brain states and diverse behaviors through what is
traditionally believed to be a homogeneous cell population in the brainstem locus coeruleus …

Associative memory formation is essential for an animal's survival by ensuring adaptive
behavioral responses in an ever-changing environment. This is particularly important under …

A defining feature of sleep is reduced responsiveness to external stimuli, but the
mechanisms mediating sensory-evoked arousal remain unclear. We hypothesized that …

The locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system plays a broad role in learning and
memory. Here we begin with an overview of the LC-NE system. We then consider how both …

The locus coeruleus (LC)-noradrenergic system is the main source of noradrenaline in the
central nervous system and is involved intensively in modulating pain and stress-related …