The hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid feedback control is a dynamic, adaptive system. In
situations of illness and deprivation of energy representing type 1 allostasis, the stress …

Abstract Problem: Graves' disease (GD) is an important and prevalent thyroid autoimmune
disorder. Standard therapy for GD consists of antithyroid drugs (ATD) with treatment periods …

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), predominately Graves׳ disease and Hashimoto׳ s
thyroiditis, comprise the most common autoimmune diseases in humans. Both have the …

The hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis represents a complex, non-linear thyroid
hormone system in vertebrates governed by numerous variables. The common modeling …

Context. Population studies of the distribution of T4/TSH set points suggest a more complex
inverse relationship between T4 and TSH than that suggested by physiological studies. The …

The components of thyrotropic feedback control are well established in mainstream
physiology and endocrinology, but their relation to the whole system's integrated behavior …

The existence of a phase of prolonged suppression of TSH despite normalization of serum
thyroid hormones over a variable period of time during the recovery of thyrotoxicosis has …

In recent years, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and
academia, towards the behavioral modeling, evaluation and prediction of the hypothalamus …

A model for pulsatility in neuroendocrine regulation is proposed which combines Goodwin-
type feedback control with impulsive input from neurons located in the hypothalamus. The …

The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in humans. The thyroid produces two
major hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The secretion and production of …