The alphaviruses are a genus of 26 enveloped viruses that cause disease in humans and
domestic animals. Mosquitoes or other hematophagous arthropods serve as vectors for …

This review describes the contribution of noncytolytic mechanisms to the control of viral
infections with a particular emphasis on the role of cytokines in these processes. It has long …

DNA viruses often persist in the body of their host, becoming latent and recurring many
months or years later. By contrast, most RNA viruses cause acute infections that are cleared …

The synthesis of virulence factors and other extracellular proteins by Staphylococcus aureus
is globally controlled by the agr locus, which encodes a two-component signaling pathway …

Neutralizing antibodies are crucial for vaccine-mediated protection against viral diseases.
They probably act, in most cases, by blunting the infection, which is then resolved by cellular …

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes global
epidemics of a debilitating polyarthritis in humans. As there is a pressing need for the …

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging mosquito-borne pathogen that causes
incapacitating disease in humans characterized by intense joint pain that can persist for …

Alphaviruses are arthropod-transmitted RNA viruses that cause epidemics of human
infection and disease on a global scale. These viruses are classified as either arthritogenic …

▪ Abstract Neutralizing antiviral B cell responses differ in various aspects from the many
usually measured B cell responses specific for protein in adjuvants. In particular, such …

Abstract Neutralization of West Nile virus (WNV) in vivo correlates with the development of
an antibody response against the viral envelope (E) protein. Using random mutagenesis …