Miscarriage is generally defined as the loss of a pregnancy before viability. An estimated 23
million miscarriages occur every year worldwide, translating to 44 pregnancy losses each …

Importance Knowledge of whether serious adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated
with increasingly widespread effects of climate change in the US would be crucial for the …

Ambient air pollution is produced by sources including vehicular traffic, coal-fired power
plants, hydraulic fracturing, agricultural production, and forest fires. It consists of primary …

Stillbirths and complications from preterm birth are two of the leading causes of neonatal
deaths across the globe. Lower-to middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing some …

Nine out of 10 people breathe air that does not meet World Health Organization pollution
limits. Air pollutants include gasses and particulate matter and collectively are responsible …

Tremendous progress has been made in the field of toxicology leading to the advance of
developmental toxicity assessment. Conventional animal models and in vitro two …

Abstract PM 2.5 (particulate matter≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter) refers to atmospheric
particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of equal and less than 2.5 µm that …

Purpose The purpose of the study was to conduct an individual-level analysis of hospital
utilization during the first year of life to test the hypothesis that community material …

Background Particulate matter (PM), a major component of ambient air pollution, accounts
for a substantial burden of diseases and fatality worldwide. Maternal exposure to PM during …

The developing fetus is particularly susceptible to environmental pollutants, and evidence
has shown adverse effects of air pollutants on pregnancy and birth outcomes. Pregnancy …