Seismic tomography reveals 2 extensive regions in the lowermost mantle, beneath Africa
and the Pacific, that exhibit lower-than-average seismic wave speeds. These regions have …

Processes within the lowest several hundred kilometers of Earth's rocky mantle play a critical
role in the evolution of the planet. Understanding Earth's lower mantle requires putting …

The radially anisotropic shear velocity structure of the Earth's mantle provides a critical
window on the interior dynamics of the planet, with isotropic variations that are interpreted in …

Diamonds are formed under high pressure more than 150 kilometres deep in the Earth's
mantle and are brought to the surface mainly by volcanic rocks called kimberlites. Several …

Many geological and geochemical changes are recorded on Earth between 3 and 2 Ga.
Among the more important of these are the following:(1) increasing proportion of basalts with …

Mantle plumes were conceived as thin, vertical conduits in which buoyant, hot rock from the
lowermost mantle rises to Earth's surface, manifesting as hotspot-type volcanism far from …

Picritic lava flows near Lijiang in the late Permian Emeishan flood basalt province are
associated with augite-phyric basalt, aphyric basalt, and basaltic pyroclastic units. The …

Abstract Basaltic lavas from Hainan Island near the northern edge of the South China Sea
have an age range of between late Miocene (about 13 Ma) and Holocene, with a peak age …

Understanding the relationship between different scales of convection that drive plate
motions and hotspot volcanism still eludes geophysicists. Using full-waveform seismic …

There is a clear correlation between downward projected large igneous province (LIP)
eruption sites of the past 200 Myr and the margins of the large low-velocity provinces …