While previously polarization was primarily seen only in issue-based terms, a new type of
division has emerged in the mass public in recent years: Ordinary Americans increasingly …

Employers are increasingly recruiting their workers into politics to change elections and
public policy-sometimes in coercive ways. Using a diverse array of evidence, including …

We study how individual political views shape firm behavior and labor market outcomes.
Using new micro-data on the political affiliation of business owners and private-sector …

Partisanship continues to divide Americans. Using data from the American National Election
Study, as well as implicit attitude tests, we argue that Americans' partisan identity has …

Interest groups contribute much less to campaigns than legally allowed. Consequently,
prevailing theories infer these contributions must yield minimal returns. I argue constraints …

Empathic ability is the ability to interpret the emotional state of others. In today's highly
partisan and polarized environment, empathic ability may play a key role in determining how …

The symptoms of party polarization are, all too familiar: intransigent policy positions,
unwillingness to compromise, and intensified political conflict. For Americans, partisanship is …

We examine whether disagreements about the Arab Spring uprisings, in five countries that
experienced protests, have transitioned into the non-political sphere. To test this spillover …

One key component of mass polarization in the United States has been the increasing
alignment of social identities with partisanship. Scholars have argued that this is a key driver …

Affective polarization—hostility and aversion between rival political groups—is an
increasingly salient feature of Western democratic politics. While scholars agree that this …