Chronic spinal pain is related to enormous and increasing socioeconomic burden on
humanity across the globe. Numerous resources are utilized in managing chronic spinal …

Among the multiple structures capable of transmitting pain in the lumbar spine resulting in
symptoms of low back pain and lower extremity pain, lumbar facet joints are one of the …

Knee joint is the largest joint in the body and is most commonly injured. Knee joint takes a
direct brunt of the body weight and unusual torsion forces which may predispose knee to …

Epidural injections have been utilized in managing chronic low back pain since 1901 with
descriptions of caudal epidural injections. Since then, numerous developments have …

Chronic neck pain, is the third leading cause of disability in the general population. Various
structures in the cervical spine can generate pain, including intervertebral discs, cervical …

Thoracic spine pain is less common than neck or low back pain but can be just as disabling.
Multiple structures in the thoracic spine can transmit pain, leading to mid back and upper …

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction referred to pain caused by arthritis and either hypermobility or
hypomobility of weakened, injured, or sprained ligaments is one of the common causes of …