Ecological systems can often be characterised by changes among a finite set of underlying
states pertaining to individuals, populations, communities or entire ecosystems through time …

Many pathogens persist in multihost systems, making the identification of infection reservoirs
crucial for devising effective interventions. Here, we present a conceptual framework for …

Avian malaria is a worldwide mosquito‐borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites.
These parasites occur in many avian species but primarily affect passerine birds that have …

Avian malaria is the oldest experimental system for investigating the biology and
transmission of Plasmodium parasites. Recent molecular protocols for detecting and …

Vector and host communities, as well as habitat characteristics, may have important but
different impacts on the prevalence, richness and evenness of vector‐borne parasites. We …

Experimental work increasingly suggests that non‐random pathogen associations can affect
the spread or severity of disease. Yet due to difficulties distinguishing and interpreting co …

We used PCR and DNA sequencing to screen for haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus
and Plasmodium) in 2,488 individual birds from 104 species and 22 families, primarily …

Wildlife diseases can present significant threats to ecological systems and biological
diversity, as well as domestic animal and human health. However, determining the dynamics …

Abstract Background Avian malaria (Plasmodium sp.) is globally widespread, but
considerable variation exists in infection (presence/absence) patterns at small spatial …

How the environment influences the transmission and prevalence of disease in a population
of hosts is a key aspect of disease ecology. The role that environmental factors play in host …