Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by
excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several …

Background The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad
pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects of GLP-1 are the glucose …

During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly
vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial cellular energy sensor. Once activated by
falling energy status, it promotes ATP production by increasing the activity or expression of …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a major role in the modulation of energy balance.
AMPK is activated in conditions of low energy, increasing energy production and reducing …

Thyroid hormones have widespread cellular effects; however it is unclear whether their
effects on the central nervous system (CNS) contribute to global energy balance. Here we …

Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key player in
regulating energy metabolism, placing it at the center stage in studies of diabetes and …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor that exists in almost all
eukaryotes. Genetic studies in lower eukaryotes suggest that the ancestral role of AMPK was …

Hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key mechanism leading to obesity.
Here, we demonstrate that ceramides induce lipotoxicity and hypothalamic ER stress …

The adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway
arose early during evolution of eukaryotic cells, when it appears to have been involved in …