Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological
studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research …

Hydrogels are polymer networks infiltrated with water. Many biological hydrogels in animal
bodies such as muscles, heart valves, cartilages, and tendons possess extreme mechanical …

Energy and water are of fundamental importance for our modern society, and advanced
technologies on sustainable energy storage and conversion as well as water resource …

With the continuous appearance and expansion of high-strength hydrogels in emerging
fields such as industry, medicine, and green development, the synthesis and application of …

Synthetic 3D extracellular matrices (ECMs) find application in cell studies, regenerative
medicine, and drug discovery. While cells cultured in a monolayer may exhibit unnatural …

Hydrogel scaffolds that can repair or regrow damaged biological tissue have great potential
for the treatment of injury and disease. These biomaterials are widely used in the tissue …

Biomedical hydrogels as sole repair matrices or combined with pre-seeded cells and
bioactive growth factors are extensively applied in tissue engineering and regenerative …

Click chemistry is one of the most powerful strategies for constructing polymeric soft
materials with precise control over architecture and functionality. In this review, we provide a …

Schiff base, an important family of reaction in click chemistry, has received significant
attention in the formation of self-healing hydrogels in recent years. Schiff base reversibly …

Hydrogels have been utilized in regenerative applications for many decades because of
their biocompatibility and similarity in structure to the native extracellular matrix. Initially …