Most judges, lawyers, and scholars take it for granted that to charge a criminal defendant,
the government needs only probable cause of guilt. But in fact, probable cause represents a …

This book explores the role of mens rea, broadly defined as a factor in jury assessments of
guilt and innocence from the early thirteenth through the fourteenth century-the first two …

England has traditionally been understood as a latecomer to the use of forensic medicine in
death investigation, lagging nearly two-hundred years behind other European authorities …

For nearly two centuries, legal historians have believed that the medieval English jury
differed fundamentally from the modern jury. Its members hailed from the immediate vicinity …

Common law was an all-male system, with one glaring exception: juries of matrons. If a
convicted felon requested a reprieve from execution on the grounds of pregnancy, it was the …

This book examines the view of women held by medieval common lawyers and legislators,
and considers medieval women's treatment by and participation in the processes of the …

This book offers the first regional study of women in thirteenth-century England, making
pioneering use of charters, chronicles, government records and some of the earliest …

Civil actions for rape and sexual assault have recently been undergoing significant changes
in both quantity and quality. Quantitatively, the number of these kinds of cases has increased …

Homicide has a history. In early modern England, that history saw two especially notable
developments: one, the emergence in the sixteenth century of a formal distinction between …

Shani D'Cruze first found herself researching the history of sexual violence when the 99 per
cent male academic department where she was a junior researcher proposed a project on …