Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method of studying the causal effects of modifiable
exposures (ie, potential risk factors) on health, social, and economic outcomes using genetic …

Lung cancer has a poor prognosis; over half of people diagnosed with lung cancer die
within one year of diagnosis and the 5-year survival is less than 18%. Non-small cell lung …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and
worldwide. Early detection of lung cancer is an important opportunity for decreasing …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide an agnostic approach for investigating
the genetic basis of complex diseases. In oncology, GWAS of nearly all common …

The translational challenges in the field of precision oncology are in part related to the
biological complexity and diversity of this disease. Technological advances in genomics …

Background Ever since a lung cancer epidemic emerged in the mid-1900s, the
epidemiology of lung cancer has been intensively investigated to characterize its causes …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and around the world.
Almost as many Americans die of lung cancer every year than die of prostate, breast, and …

The overall effect of an exposure on an outcome, in the presence of a mediator with which
the exposure may interact, can be decomposed into 4 components:(1) the effect of the …

Some individuals with a particular disease-causing mutation or genotype fail to express
most if not all features of the disease in question, a phenomenon that is known as 'reduced …

This review gives an account of the cigarette as a highly efficient nicotine delivery system. It
explains how nicotine induces pleasure, reduces stress and anxiety, and causes addiction …