Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver cancer. Its incidence is low in
the Western world but is rising globally. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy have …

As one of the four major means of cancer treatment including surgery, radiotherapy (RT),
chemotherapy, immunotherapy, RT can be applied to various cancers as both a radical …

HLA‐G is considered as an immune checkpoint protein and a tumor‐associated antigen. In
the previous work, it is reported that CAR‐NK targeting of HLA‐G can be used to treat certain …

Recent literature has significantly advanced our knowledge and understanding of the
tumour immune microenvironment of cholangiocarcinoma. Detailed characterisation of the …

Systemic treatments (eg, chemotherapy and targeted therapies) have limited efficacy for
patients with locally advanced–unresectable–and metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) …

Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) redirect endogenous T-cell populations to cells
expressing tumour-associated antigens to induce tumour cell killing. This inherently relies …

Immunotherapy represented by anti-PD-(L) 1 and anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors has revolutionized
cancer treatment, but challenges related to resistance and toxicity still remain. Due to the …

HER2-positive cancer is a prevalent subtype of malignancy with poor prognosis, yet current
targeted therapies, like Trastuzumab and pyrotinib, have resulted in remission in patients …

Advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) presents a clinical challenge due to limited treatment
options, necessitating exploration of innovative therapeutic approaches. Bispecific T cell …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal malignancy with rising incidence, high
mortality, poor overall survival rates, and limited responsiveness to traditional chemo …