Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the most important biomacromolecules in
Nature. Except for energy-related compounds, carbohydrates can be roughly divided into …

Modern subunit vaccines based on homogeneous antigens offer more precise targeting and
improved safety compared with traditional whole-pathogen vaccines. However, they are also …

Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer
immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV …

Conspectus Cancer vaccines provide an efficient strategy to enhance tumor-specific
immune responses by redeploying immune systems. Despite the approval of the first cancer …

The central dogma of modern biology underscores the pivotal roles proteins play in diverse
biological processes, the study of which necessitates advanced methods to produce …

Safe and effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) and its variants are the best approach to successfully combat the COVID-19 …

Carbohydrates are abundantly expressed on the surface of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells, often as post translational modifications of proteins. Glycoproteins are recognized by …

GM3, a typical tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, is considered as an important target
for cancer vaccine development, but its low immunogenicity limits its application. αGalCer …

This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of
matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of …

The tumor-associated antigen mucin 1 (MUC1) is an attractive target of antitumor vaccine,
but its weak immunogenicity is a big challenge for the development of vaccine. In order to …