Background BCG vaccines are given to more than 100 million children every year, but there
is considerable debate regarding the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in preventing …

Background Tens of millions of children are exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis globally
every year; however, there are no contemporary estimates of the risk of developing …

Background A 9-month regimen of isoniazid can prevent active tuberculosis in persons with
latent tuberculosis infection. However, the regimen has been associated with poor …

Throughout history, pandemics of viral infections such as HIV, Ebola and Influenza have
disrupted health care systems, including the prevention and control of endemic diseases …

Background Contact tracing is used for multiple infectious diseases, most recently for COVID-
19, but data regarding its effectiveness in disease control are scarce. To address this …

Executive summary Tuberculosis can be treated, prevented, and cured. Rapid, sustained
declines in tuberculosis deaths in many countries during the past 50 years provide …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and establishes a
long-lived latent infection in a substantial proportion of the human population. Multiple lines …

Abstract Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) results in heterogeneous clinical
outcomes including primary progressive tuberculosis and latent Mtb infection (LTBI). Mtb …

The risk of progression from exposure to the tuberculosis bacilli to the development of active
disease is a two‐stage process governed by both exogenous and endogenous risk factors …

Investigation of contacts of patients with tuberculosis (TB) is a priority for TB control in high-
income countries, and is increasingly being considered in resource-limited settings. This …