Cell replacement therapy is a promising treatment for irreversible retinal cell death in diverse
diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Stargardt's disease, retinitis …

Three embryonic tissue sources—the neural ectoderm, the surface ectoderm, and the
periocular mesenchyme—contribute to the formation of the mammalian eye. For this reason …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains a major cause of blindness, with
dysfunction and loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) central to disease progression. We …

Stem cell therapies are being explored extensively as treatments for degenerative eye
disease, either for replacing lost neurons, restoring neural circuits or, based on more recent …

Transformation of somatic cells with a set of embryonic transcription factors produces cells
with the pluripotent properties of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These induced pluripotent …

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have great promise for cellular therapy, but it
is unclear if they have the same potential as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to …

RPE cells are the most actively phagocytic cells in the human body. In the eye, RPE cells
face rod and cone photoreceptor outer segments at all times but contribute to shedding and …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness among the
elderly in developed countries. AMD is classified as either neovascular (NV-AMD) or non …

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a polarized cell layer critical for photoreceptor function
and survival. The unique physiology and relationship to the photoreceptors make the RPE a …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in older adults
and ultimately leads to the death of photoreceptor cells in the macular area of the neural …