Bone regeneration is an interdisciplinary complex lesson, including but not limited to
materials science, biomechanics, immunology, and biology. Having witnessed impressive …

Bone fractures are the most common traumatic injuries in humans. The repair of bone
fractures is a regenerative process that recapitulates many of the biological events of …

Exosomes derived from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs-Exos) have shown
potential as an effective therapeutic tool for repairing bone defects. Although metal-organic …

The native tissues are complex structures consisting of different cell types, extracellular
matrix materials, and biomolecules. Traditional tissue engineering strategies have not been …

Bone self-healing is limited and generally requires external intervention to augment bone
repair and regeneration. While traditional methods for repairing bone defects such as …

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is currently the only Food and Drug Administration
(FDA)-approved osteoinductive growth factor used as a bone graft substitute. However, with …

Biodegradable polymers have been used with various systems for tissue engineering.
Among them, poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) has been widely used as a biomaterial for …

Hydroxyapatite (HA), the traditional bone tissue replacement material was widely used in the
clinical treatment of bone defects because of its excellent biocompatibility. However, the …

Significant progress has been made in the field of cartilage and bone tissue engineering
over the last two decades. As a result, there is real promise that strategies to regenerate …

Spontaneous bone regeneration is heavily restricted because of bone defects, and external
mediation is required to enhance repair and regeneration. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is …