Decades of research have identified genetic factors and biochemical pathways involved in
neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). We present evidence for the following eight hallmarks …

The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages, in health and in disease, has become
increasingly transparent over the last decade. But with the plethora of data comes a natural …

Obesity leads to chronic, systemic inflammation and can lead to insulin resistance (IR), β-cell
dysfunction, and ultimately type 2 diabetes (T2D). This chronic inflammatory state …

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases
such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis …

Macrophages are innate immune cells that form a 3D network in all our tissues, where they
phagocytose dying cells and cell debris, immune complexes, bacteria and other waste …

Brain macrophage populations include parenchymal microglia, border-associated
macrophages, and recruited monocyte-derived cells; together, they control brain …

Breakthroughs in molecular medicine have positioned the amyloid-β (Aβ) pathway at the
center of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. While the detailed molecular …

Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline in older
individuals accompanied by the presence of two pathological protein aggregates—amyloid …

Microglia are emerging as critical regulators of neuronal function and behavior in nearly
every area of neuroscience. Initial reports focused on classical immune functions of …

Loss-of-function variants of TREM2 are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's
disease (AD), suggesting that activation of this innate immune receptor may be a useful …