The diversity of the morphologies, propulsion mechanisms, flow environments, and
behaviors of planktonic microorganisms has long provided inspiration for fluid physicists …

A proper dialogue between spermatozoa and the egg is essential for conception of a new
individual in sexually reproducing animals. Ca2+ is crucial in orchestrating this unique event …

Global warming and increased atmospheric CO2 are causing the oceans to warm, decrease
in pH and become hypercapnic. These stressors have deleterious impacts on marine …

This study draws on data from numerous sources that support the paradigm of natural
hybridization as an important evolutionary process. The review of these data results in a …

Ion channels control the sperm ability to fertilize the egg by regulating sperm maturation in
the female reproductive tract and by triggering key sperm physiological responses required …

Contrary to the prevalent view, there seems to be no competition in the mammalian female
genital tract among large numbers of sperm cells that are racing towards the egg. Instead …

Our limited intuition of the small‐scale world of the plankton has biased the way we describe
and understand ocean ecology. Classical approaches consider fluxes of energy and matter …

Climate change is a threat to marine biota because increased atmospheric CO2 is causing
ocean warming, acidification, hypercapnia and decreased carbonate saturation. These …

Sperm require a sense of direction to locate the egg for fertilization. They follow gradients of
chemical and physical cues provided by the egg or the oviduct. However, the principles …

Fertilization is the fusion of the male and female gamete. The process involves the fusion of
an oocyte with a sperm, creating a single diploid cell, the zygote, from which a new …