Purpose This meta-analysis of all relevant clinical trials investigated surgical
plethysmographic index (SPI)-guided analgesia's efficacy under general anesthesia for …

Surgical pleth index (SPI) monitoring is a representative, objective nociception-monitoring
device that measures nociception using photoplethysmographic signals. It is easy to apply to …

Inadequate antinociception during skull pin fixation may cause hemodynamic instability in
intracranial surgery. The optimal concentration of remifentanil to provide adequate …

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) constitutes an adverse event after endoscopic
sinus surgery (ESS) under general anesthesia (GA) with intravenous opioids, such as …

Background/Objectives: Precisely selected patients require vitreoretinal surgeries (VRS)
performed under general anesthesia (GA) when intravenous rescue opioid analgesics …

Background To avoid underdosing or overdosing of analgesic medications, a variety of
nociception monitors that use distinct techniques have been developed to quantify …

Background/Objectives: Hemodynamic instability and inappropriate postoperative pain
perception (IPPP) with their consequences constitute an anesthesiological challenge in …

Vitreoretinal surgeries require the administration of general anesthesia (GA) in selected
groups of patients. The administration of intraoperative rescue narcotic analgesia (IRNA) …

Vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) is one of the most widely performed precise procedures in
ophthalmic surgery; the majority of cases are carried out under regional anaesthesia (RA) …

Background/Objectives: Eversion carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in awake patients is
performed using cervical plexus blocks (CPBs) with or without carotid artery sheath …