Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue
homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor …

Characterized by the expression of the critical transcription factor forkhead box protein P3,
regulatory T (Treg) cells are an essential part of the immune system, with a dual effect on the …

Although targeting the tumor metabolism is performed in cooperation with immunotherapy in
the era of precision oncology, ignorance of immune cells' metabolism has resulted in …

The use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered regulatory T cells (Tregs) has
emerged as a promising strategy to promote immune tolerance. However, in conventional T …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are garnering increased attention in research related to
autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They play an essential role in the …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) express the lineage-defining transcription factor FoxP3 and play
crucial roles in self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Thymic tTregs are selected based …

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway integrates metabolic cues into cell
fate decisions. A particularly fateful event during the adaptive immune response is the …

Keratinocytes (KC) play a crucial role in epidermal barrier function, notably through their
metabolic activity and the detection of danger signals. Chemical sensitizers are known to …

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) creates an environment facilitating fibrosis
following alveolar epithelial cell injury. IL-23 has important roles in chronic autoimmune …

Protein is an essential component of all living organisms and is primarily responsible for life
activities; furthermore, its synthesis depends on a highly complex and accurate translation …