The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797), is a serious pest of
several crops, particularly maize and other cereals. It has long been known as a pest in the …

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda invaded China in December 2018 and has
since spread quickly countrywide. Two sympatric biotype strains of FAW, rice-strain and corn …

Heavy metal pollutants are important abiotic environmental factors affecting pest habitats. In
this study, Cd pre-exposure significantly increased the tolerance of Lymantria dispar larvae …

Transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have
revolutionized pest control. However, the evolution of resistance by target pests poses a …

Insect cytochrome P450s play important roles in the detoxification of xenobiotics and the
metabolic resistance to insecticides. However, the approach for in vivo validation of the …

Introduction Unscientific application of insecticides has led to severe resistance of pests to
almost all classes of insecticides. Enhanced detoxification is the most common mechanism …

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, has become a worldwide pest and threatens
world food production. A previous study indicated that azadirachtin, the most effective …

Introduction: The development of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda
populations is a serious threat to the crop industry. Given the spread of invasive resistant …

Juvenile hormones (JH) regulate insect development and reproduction. The JH analogs
(JHA) are used as insecticides. However, JHAs are rarely used in managing pests such as …

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), is a wide-reaching
notorious insect pest of important cereal crops, which has developed resistance to multiple …