Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying RNA have attracted growing attention in plant cell
biology. For a long time, EV release or uptake through the rigid plant cell wall was …

Tethering complexes mediate vesicle–target compartment contact. Octameric complex
exocyst initiate vesicle exocytosis at specific cytoplasmic membrane domains. Plant exocyst …

Encasements formed around haustoria and biotrophic hyphae as well as hypersensitive
reaction (HR) cell death are essential plant immune responses to filamentous pathogens. In …

Filamentous pathogens that cause plant diseases such as powdery mildew, rust,
anthracnose, and late blight continue to represent an enormous challenge for farmers …

Exocyst component of 70-kDa (EXO70) proteins are constituents of the exocyst complex
implicated in vesicle tethering during exocytosis. MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O (MLO) …

Grapevine powdery mildew is caused by Erysiphe necator, which seriously harms grape
production in the world. Stilbene synthase makes phytoalexins that contribute to the …

The ras gene from rat brain (RAB) family of small GTPases is highly conserved among
eukaryotes and regulates endomembrane trafficking pathways. RAB7, in particular, has …

Abstract The pathogenesis‐related 1 (PR1) proteins are members of the cross‐kingdom
conserved CAP superfamily (from Cysteine‐rich secretory protein, Antigen 5, and PR1 …

Exocytosis is a conserved trafficking pathway that transports secretory vesicles to the
extracellular space, replenishes the plasma membrane and is essential for establishing cell …

Pollen tube polar growth is a key physiological activity for angiosperms to complete double
fertilization, which is highly dependent on the transport of polar substances mediated by …