Background The diseases in fish and other economic aquatic species is a great concern,
and every year it causes a huge loss in aquaculture sectors. The use of probiotics might be a …

The field of mucosal immunology research has grown fast over the past few years, and our
understanding on how mucosal surfaces respond to complex antigenic cocktails is …

In recent years, the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has become an increasing
public health threat. Finding alternatives to antibiotics may be an effective solution to the …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been identified throughout the metazoa suggesting their
evolutionarily conserved nature and their presence in teleosts is no exception. AMPs are …

Fish, comprising over 27,000 species, represent the oldest vertebrate group and possess
both innate and adaptive immune systems. The susceptibility of most wild fish to parasitic …

Parasitic copepods, in particular sea lice, have considerable impacts upon global freshwater
and marine fisheries, with major economic consequences recognized primarily in …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short molecules produced by almost all organisms. Fish
AMPs contain innate immune components as their primary immune molecules. The fish …

Most individual fish in farmed and wild populations are infected with parasites. Upon
dissection of fish, helminths from gut are often easily visible. Enteric helminths include …

Similar to higher vertebrates, the immune system of fish is composed of two major
components, innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific) immune responses. However, the …

Rodlet cells (RCs) are the enigmatic and distinctive pear-shaped cells had found in many
tissues of marine and freshwater teleosts. They have a distinctive fibrous capsule or the cell …