The world is amid a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus causes serious respiratory tract infections …

Most SARS-CoV2 infections will not develop into severe COVID-19. However, in some
patients, lung infection leads to the activation of alveolar macrophages and lung epithelial …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a terminal carboxypeptidase with important
functions in the renin-angiotensin system and plays a critical role in inflammatory lung …

Background SARS-CoV-2 enters cells by binding of its spike protein to angiotensin-
converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or …

In response to infectious and, in some instances, noninfectious insults, the affected
tissues/cells of the host undergo inflammation. However, uncontrolled inflammation could be …

When attempting to feed on their hosts, ticks face the problem of host hemostasis (the
vertebrate mechanisms that prevent blood loss), inflammation (that can produce itching or …

Prolonged unaccustomed exercise involving muscle lengthening (eccentric) actions can
result in ultrastructural muscle disruption, impaired excitation–contraction coupling …

There is an accumulating body of evidence that immunological mechanisms play a
prominent role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is characterized by …

There is growing interest in using functional foods or nutraceuticals for the prevention and
treatment of hypertension or high blood pressure. Although numerous preventive and …

A large body of evidence implicates the renin–angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of
cardiovascular disease. However, not everyone understands that the magnitude of the risk …