Copper is an essential trace element in biological systems, maintaining the activity of
enzymes and the function of transcription factors. However, at high concentrations, copper …

One of the basic trace elements for the structure and metabolism of human tissue is copper.
However, as a heavy metal, excessive intake or abnormal accumulation of copper in the …

Cuproptosis is a novel copper ion-dependent cell death type being regulated in cells, and
this is quite different from the common cell death patterns such as apoptosis, pyroptosis …

Copper, an essential trace element that exists in oxidized and reduced forms, has pivotal
roles in a variety of biological processes, including redox chemistry, enzymatic reactions …

Copper is an essential trace element in an organism, and changes in copper levels in vivo
often indicate a diseased state. Copper and immunity have been discussed since the last …

While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the therapeutic landscape in
oncology, they are effective in select subsets of patients. Efficacy may be limited by tumor …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex macromolecular network filled with a series
of stromal cells. It plays an important role in tumorigenesis, development, immune escape …

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide, and thus, it
is important to enhance its treatment efficacy [1]. Copper has emerged as a critical trace …

Background Metastatic cancer cells exploit Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) to
enhance their migration, invasion, and resistance to treatments. Recent studies highlight that …

Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment encompasses the cellular and extracellular
matrix components that support and shape the three-dimensional framework in which solid …