Following the gradual decline of Arctic sea ice, shipping using Arctic routes increased from
2010. This led to an upsurge in the number of studies investigating the potential of Arctic …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Does humanity's future lie in the ocean? As demand for resources continues to grow and
land-based sources decline, expectations for the ocean as an engine of human …

Abstract The melting of Arctic Sea ice has significantly facilitated Arctic shipping. However,
such increased shipping has brought about higher maritime accidents in Arctic waters …

Climate change-driven reductions in sea ice have facilitated increased shipping traffic
volumes across the Arctic. Here, we use climate model simulations to investigate changing …

The polar regions, notably the Arctic and maritime Antarctic, are experiencing impacts from
climate change at magnitudes and rates that are among the highest in the world, and will …

A new version of sea ice motion and age products includes several significant upgrades in
processing, corrects known issues with the previous version, and updates the time series …

The limited availability of consistent, longitudinal data sources for marine traffic in Arctic
Canada has presented significant challenges for researchers, policy makers, and planners …

For some decades, the resources within the northern hemisphere have been studied for
possible exploration. The need for reliable infrastructures in such extreme cold climatic …