2018 marks the 100-year anniversary of the 1918 influenza pandemic, which killed~ 50
million people worldwide. The severity of this pandemic resulted from a complex interplay …

Type I interferons (IFNs) have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells during
infection with viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi, directly and/or indirectly through the …

In the initiation of innate immune responses against pathogens, pattern-recognition
receptors (PRRs) have an essential role in recognizing specific components of …

Although the role of type I interferon (IFN) in the protection against viral infections has been
known and studied for decades, its role in other immunologically relevant scenarios …

Background. Despite the availability of published data on 4 pandemics that have occurred
over the past 120 years, there is little modern information on the causes of death associated …

Background Previous viral pandemics have shown that secondary bacterial infections result
in higher morbidity and mortality, with Staphylococcus aureus being the primary causative …

The classical model of immunity posits that the immune system reacts to pathogens and
injury and restores homeostasis. Indeed, a century of research has uncovered the means …

Humans are infected with a variety of acute and chronic pathogens over the course of their
lives, and pathogen-driven selection has shaped the immune system of humans. The same …

Interferons (IFN) are subdivided into type I IFN (IFN-I, here synonymous with IFN-α/β), type II
(IFN-γ) and type III IFN (IFN-III/IFN-λ) that reprogram nuclear gene expression through …

Neutrophils are the first immune cell population recruited to sites of infection, including viral
infections, and exhibit both protective and pathologic functions. In antibacterial and …